- What is the 'phenomenon of deliberately hidden information.'
- The concept of lies and truth: forming beliefs; the concept of a 'double message';
- Basic presuppositions (principles) of the verifier's work
- Common mistakes of the verifier and ways to eliminate them
- The main formula for the verifier's work
- The role of significance in lie detection. Assessing the significance of a stimulus
- Classification of stimuli. Rules for asking questions.
- Control stimuli
- Test stimuli
- Neutral stimuli
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System)
- Human psychophysiology
- What stress is and its significance in lie detection
- Types of stress;
- Three stages of the general adaptation syndrome
- Freeze, fight, and flight as universal reactions of a liar to stress
- Orienting reflex;
- Point of orienting immobility and its manifestations in a liar's behavior
- Structure of the nervous system
- Structure of the autonomic nervous system. Functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
- Main signs of lying in the ANS
- Physiological changes during stress observed by the verifier
SPEECH
- Speech as a reflection of the deep structure of consciousness
- Psycholinguistic analysis of speech
- Reflection of what is left unsaid in a person's speech
- Patterns of generalized speech and ways to work with them
- Patterns of 'evasions' and ways to work with them
- Patterns of distortions and ways to work with them
- Structure of speech of an uninvolved person
- Structure of speech of an involved person
- Classification of direct and evasive answers
GESTURES
- Recognizing lies through gestures:
- Communicative gestures (illustrators)
- Stress gestures (adapters)
- Typical emblematic leaks
- Facial signs of lying
FACIAL SIGNS OF DECEPTION:
Reasons why it's easier to notice deception through facial expressions than through words;
The face as a valuable source of information;
The double life of the face as a source of information;
Facial methods of deception;
Facial emblems and manipulations;
The eyes as a source of information.
Problems with decoding facial signs of deception;
Signs of emotions being faked
POLYGRAPH (LIE DETECTOR).
Brief information about the polygraph and its use.
Comparative analysis of lie detection with and without a polygraph.
COMMON MISTAKES AND PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES WHEN DETECTING LIES:
Lack of signs of deception does not necessarily prove truthfulness;
The Othello error and the Brockau trap.
How you can determine the emotions a truthful person is feeling
The position of the verifier in a situation where the suspect is unaware of the suspicions against them.
Advantages of knowing about the suspicions against you.
How to reduce mistakes when detecting deception?